1991 Bangladesh Constitutional Referendum

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The 1991 Bangladesh Constitutional Referendum was a pivotal event in the country's political history. Held on September 15, 1991, it aimed to reintroduce a parliamentary system of government, replacing the existing presidential system. The referendum asked voters if the President should assent to the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Bill, 1991. This amendment proposed making the President the ceremonial head of state while granting executive powers to the Prime Minister. Additionally, it abolished the position of Vice-President and stipulated that the President would be elected by Parliament. The referendum resulted in a significant majority favoring the changes, with 84.38% of votes in support and a turnout of approximately 35%. This shift marked a substantial alteration in Bangladesh's political structure, moving towards a more parliamentary-oriented governance. The referendum was part of broader political changes following the resignation of President Hossain Muhammad Ershad in December 1990. It reflected a consensus among major political parties to adopt a system that would enhance democratic participation and stability in the country.