1999 East Timor Independence Referendum

About

The 1999 East Timor Independence Referendum was a pivotal event in the region's history, marking a significant shift in regional politics. Conducted on August 30, 1999, the referendum allowed East Timorese to choose between special autonomy under Indonesia or independence. The United Nations supervised the vote, which saw a massive turnout of 98.6% of registered voters, with 78.5% opting for independence[3][4][5]. This outcome was met with violence from pro-Indonesian militias, leading to widespread destruction and displacement of over 200,000 people[3][4]. The aftermath of the referendum saw international intervention, with a UN-authorized force, INTERFET, deployed to restore order. Indonesia eventually recognized the referendum results, allowing East Timor to transition towards independence under UN administration. This process culminated in East Timor's formal independence on May 20, 2002[2][4]. The referendum and its aftermath highlighted the complex dynamics of regional politics and the role of international organizations in shaping national destinies[1][3].