Ganja Earthquake, 1139

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The 1139 Ganja earthquake was a devastating seismic event that occurred on September 30, 1139, in the region of modern-day Azerbaijan. It is estimated to have had a magnitude of 7.7 MLH, 7.5 Ms, and 7.0–7.3 Mw. The epicenter was near Ganja, and the earthquake affected the Seljuk Empire and the Kingdom of Georgia. The tectonic setting of the region involves the collision between the Eurasian and Arabian plates, leading to significant seismic activity. The earthquake caused widespread destruction, including the formation of several lakes such as Lake Göygöl, due to landslides blocking rivers. The estimated death toll ranges from 230,000 to 300,000, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in history. The impact was felt across the region, with extensive damage to structures and loss of life in the mountainous areas. The event remains significant due to its historical impact and the immense loss it caused.