Hosni Mubarak

Hosni Mubarak was an Egyptian politician who served as the President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011. Born on May 4, 1928, in Menufiya, Egypt, Mubarak rose through the ranks of the Egyptian Air Force to become its commander-in-chief before entering politics. He played a key role in the 1981 assassination of President Anwar El-Sadat, and subsequently became the country's fourth president. During his nearly three-decade-long tenure, Mubarak implemented various economic and social reforms, and maintained a close relationship with the United States. Mubarak's presidency was marked by a mix of achievements and controversies. He oversaw significant economic growth, infrastructure development, and improvements in healthcare and education. However, his government was also criticized for its authoritarian nature, human rights abuses, and corruption. Mubarak's regime was marked by a lack of political freedom, with opposition parties and independent media facing significant restrictions. The Arab Spring protests in 2011 led to widespread calls for his resignation, and he was eventually ousted from power on February 11, 2011. Mubarak was subsequently put on trial and convicted of corruption and complicity in the killing of protesters, receiving a life sentence.