Indian Ocean

About

The Indian Ocean is the third-largest ocean, covering about 19.8% of the Earth's surface. It is surrounded by four continents: Asia, Africa, Antarctica, and Australia. The ocean is known for its warm waters, with temperatures highest at the equator and decreasing towards southern Africa and Australia. Its salinity varies significantly, with the Arabian Sea being the most saline due to high evaporation and low precipitation, while the Bay of Bengal has lower salinity due to freshwater input from rivers. The Indian Ocean supports diverse ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangroves, and sea-grass beds. These habitats are crucial for marine biodiversity and provide essential services like coastal protection and fisheries. The ocean's currents are influenced by monsoons, creating complex circulation patterns. It also features significant tectonic plate boundaries and is a major conduit for international trade, with key ports and oil deposits contributing to global commerce. The Indian Ocean's unique characteristics make it a vital component of global marine ecosystems and economic activities.