National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
LegislationAbout
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is a foundational U.S. environmental law enacted in 1969 and signed into law on January 1, 1970. It mandates federal agencies to evaluate the environmental impacts of their actions, ensuring that environmental considerations are integrated into decision-making processes. NEPA covers a wide range of federal actions, including permit decisions, land management, and infrastructure projects like highway construction. It requires agencies to prepare Environmental Assessments (EAs) and Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) to assess potential environmental effects and alternatives. NEPA also established the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) to oversee its implementation. The CEQ issues regulations and guidance to ensure compliance across federal agencies. While NEPA is procedural and does not enforce specific environmental outcomes, it fosters public participation in federal decision-making. It serves as a framework for coordinating compliance with other environmental laws, though it does not itself enforce these obligations. By requiring environmental assessments, NEPA promotes informed decision-making that considers both environmental and societal impacts.
