The Algeciras Conference

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The Algeciras Conference was a pivotal international event held from January 16 to April 7, 1906, in Algeciras, Spain. It aimed to resolve the First Moroccan Crisis, a dispute between France and Germany over Morocco's sovereignty. The crisis began when France attempted to establish a protectorate over Morocco, prompting Germany to intervene by affirming the Sultan's independence. The conference was convened at the urging of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, who mediated the situation to prevent war. Major European powers, including Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, participated in the conference. The conference resulted in the Act of Algeciras, signed on April 7, 1906. This agreement reaffirmed Morocco's independence and ensured economic equality among European powers. France and Spain were allowed to police Moroccan ports under Swiss supervision. The conference's outcome strengthened the Entente Cordiale between France and Britain, further isolating Germany. Although Germany's prestige was not enhanced, the conference maintained European stability by preventing immediate conflict. It also marked a significant moment in the lead-up to World War I, highlighting the emerging alliances and tensions between European powers. Roosevelt's mediation played a crucial role in achieving this temporary peace, showcasing the United States' growing influence in international affairs.