U.S. First Amendment (1791)
Legislative documentAbout
The U.S. First Amendment, adopted on December 15, 1791, is a foundational legislative document that ensures several fundamental rights. It prohibits Congress from making laws that establish a religion or interfere with its free exercise, ensuring religious freedom. Additionally, it safeguards freedom of speech, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government for grievances. These protections were crucial for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, addressing concerns about government overreach. The First Amendment's impact extends beyond its original scope. Through Supreme Court interpretations, its protections have been applied to state actions via the Fourteenth Amendment. Notable cases like New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964) and New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) have further defined these rights, protecting against defamation and prior restraint. These protections are essential for maintaining a free and informed society, allowing for the expression of diverse opinions and the critique of public officials without undue censorship.
