Philosophers worth reading to understand Eastern thought

Mencius is essential for understanding Confucianism, as he developed and systematized Confucius's teachings, emphasizing the inherent goodness of human nature and the importance of benevolent governance. His ideas on morality, politics, and personal cultivation offer a profound insight into the core values and principles of Eastern thought.

• He emphasized the importance of morality.

• He extolled justice and benevolence.

• Virtues related to the humanities and rectitude are innate

Tsongkhapa was an influential Tibetan Buddhist teacher and philosopher, founder of the Gelug school. He is known for his profound philosophical teachings, his emphasis on logic and monastic discipline, and his critique of misinterpretations of reality, making him an essential figure for understanding Eastern thought.

• He received teachings and transmission in all traditions

• Great Buddhist Master

• Founder of the Gelug school

• His works are an inexhaustible source of inspiration

Nagarjuna is widely recognized as one of the most important philosophers in Buddhism and Eastern thought, and the founder of the Madhyamaka school. His profound teachings on emptiness (sunyata) and the interdependent nature of reality offer an essential perspective for understanding Eastern thought.

• Founder of the Madhyamaka tradition of Buddhism

• Combat the substantialist deviations of Buddhist scholasticism

Eihei Dōgen is a central figure in Japanese Buddhism, the founder of the Sōtō Zen school. His teachings on meditation and direct practice are fundamental to understanding Eastern thought.

• Founder of the Japanese Soto school

• An influential figure in Japanese Buddhism

• He brought the Sôtô Zen Buddhist school from China to Japan

Asanga is one of the most important philosophers of early Mahayana Buddhism, being the main formulator of the Chitamatra system of principles and a key contributor to the Yogacara school.

• A key figure in Mahayana Buddhism

• Promoter of Mahayana Buddhism

• preeminent master of early Mahayana Buddhism

• Principal formulator of the Chitamatra system of principles.

Mozi was a Chinese philosopher of the 5th century BC who founded Moism, a school of thought that advocated universal love, utility, and fairness, offering an alternative perspective to Confucianism.

• He advocated for universal love

• He advocated mutual benefit

Xunzi offers a sophisticated perspective on Confucianism, emphasizing the importance of education and ritual in cultivating virtue and social order. His focus on human nature as inherently selfish provides a unique lens for understanding Eastern philosophy and its solutions for moral development.

• An important figure in the Confucian tradition

• He defended a sophisticated and comprehensive version of Confucianism

Chanakya, also known as Kautilya, is a central figure in Eastern thought, renowned for his work Arthashastra, which addresses politics, economics, and military strategy. His pragmatic approach and influence on the unification of India make him an essential philosopher for understanding Eastern thought.

• He wrote about the art of politics and diplomacy.

• He anticipated the Machiavellian raison d'état

• He was a renowned scholar in Taxila

• He wrote 15 volumes on politics

Confucius is one of the most influential philosophers in Chinese history, whose teachings on morality, ethics, and social order have shaped Eastern culture and thought for centuries. His 'Analects' are essential reading for understanding his philosophy.

• Ideas emphasize personal and governmental morality

• Promotes correctness of social relationships, justice, and sincerity

• Profoundly influenced East Asian culture and history

• Instrumental in establishing teaching as a profession

Lao Tzu is the founder of Taoism and author of the Tao Te Ching, a fundamental text in Chinese philosophy that explores the concept of the Tao, the way of nature and universal harmony. His ideas on simplicity, spontaneity, and non-action are central to Eastern thought.

• Author of Tao Te Ching

• Advocates naturalness, spontaneity, and freedom

• Emphasizes harmony with nature

• Timeless guide to the art of living

Ramanuja is one of the most important Vedanta philosophers in Indian history, recognized for his teachings on Vishishtadvaita and for offering an interpretation that refuted Shankara's theories.

• One of the greatest Vedanta philosophers

• Author of nine works

• He defended the idea that Brahman can transform and change

• Key figure in the Bhakti movement

Zhuangzi was an influential Taoist philosopher who expanded upon and developed the ideas of Lao Tzu, emphasizing individual freedom, spontaneity, and the transcendence of social conventions. His work, the 'Zhuangzi', is a collection of anecdotes and parables that illustrate the principles of Taoism.

• Foundational text of Taoism

• Influential Chinese philosopher

• Promotes individual salvation

• Views death as a vital phase of life

Sun Tzu is a central figure in Eastern thought, known for his treatise "The Art of War." His teachings on strategy, foresight, and adaptability are fundamental to understanding the philosophy of action and conflict management in ancient China.

• Philosopher of ancient China

• Author of The Art of War

Zhu Xi is a central figure in Neo-Confucianism and is considered one of the most influential Chinese philosophers. His synthesis of Confucian thought and his ideas on 'li' (principle) and 'qi' (vital energy) are fundamental to understanding Eastern philosophy.

• Representative of the Neo-Confucian school

• An important figure in the history of thought

• Calligrapher, historian, philosopher, politician, and writer

• Considered the father of the Neo-Confucian school

Chandrakirti was an important Indian Buddhist philosopher of the Madhyamaka school, known for his commentaries on the works of Nāgārjuna. His work is crucial for understanding the philosophy of emptiness in Mahayana Buddhism.

• Author of commentaries on the work of Nagarjuna

• Importante en Geluk y en Madhyamaka

• He mastered all aspects of the teachings

• He acquired a great reputation as a scholar and teacher

Wang Yangming is one of the most important Neo-Confucian philosophers of the Ming dynasty, known for his School of Mind and his theory of the unity of knowledge and action. His teachings on moral clarity and innate knowledge make him an essential figure for understanding Eastern thought.

• He developed the philosophical school of the mind.

• He is a great Chinese philosopher and educator of the Ming dynasty.

• His theory of the unity of knowledge and action has transcended history.

Adi Shankara is a central figure in Eastern thought, especially known for solidifying the Advaita Vedanta doctrine. His focus on non-dualism and the nature of reality offers a profound and transformative perspective on existence.

• He consolidated the Advaita Vedanta doctrine

• Great Hindu scholar and mystic

• Profound systematizer of Vedantic Monism

• Compassionate heart and clear mind

Kitarō Nishida was an influential Japanese philosopher, founder of the Kyoto School, known for his concept of 'pure experience' and his attempt to synthesize Eastern and Western thought. His work is fundamental to understanding modern Eastern philosophy.

• It allows access to the rich world of Eastern philosophy

• He integrates the Eastern and Western worlds into his life and work.

Vasubandhu was an influential Indian Buddhist monk and scholar, considered one of the most important philosophers of Eastern thought, especially for his commentaries on the Abhidharma and his role in founding the Yogacara philosophical school.

• Profound impact on the development of Mahayana Buddhist thought

• Prominent Indian Buddhist philosopher and prolific author

• Founder of the Yogacara school

Raimon Panikkar was a Spanish philosopher and theologian known for his work in intercultural and interreligious dialogue, seeking common ground between Eastern and Western thought. His focus on human experience and holistic understanding makes him a relevant figure for exploring Eastern philosophy.

• Understands truth as pluralistic

• Legitimates multiple paths to transcendent reality

Mozi, the founder of Mohism, proposed a philosophy based on universal love, utility, and the condemnation of aggression. His ideas on equality and the common good influenced Chinese thought and offer a distinct perspective within Eastern philosophy.

• Criticized extravagant rituals

• Promoted a distinct view of heaven as a moral guide

Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, is fundamental to understanding Eastern philosophy due to his teachings on suffering, karma, and the path to enlightenment. His ideas form the basis of Buddhism, one of Asia's major religions and philosophical systems.

• Teachings based on a vision of suffering and its end

• Founder of Buddhism

• Profound ideas

Lao Tzu is considered the founder of Taoism and author of the Tao Te Ching, an essential work that lays the foundations of Eastern philosophy and remains highly relevant today.

• It encourages us to accept what happens and not to try to dominate the world.

Shantideva was an 8th-century Indian Buddhist philosopher, known for his works on bodhisattva practice, such as the Bodhicharyavatara. His focus on meditation and understanding human suffering makes him a key figure in Eastern thought.

• Mystic and popular philosopher of Mahayana Buddhism

• Great Indian Buddhist scholar and meditation master

• Renowned meditation master from India

• It allows us to delve into important texts of Buddhism