Darwin's Evolution by Natural Selection

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Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection revolutionized biology by providing a naturalistic explanation for species diversity. Published in "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, Darwin's work challenged creationist views by proposing that species evolve over time through a process of variation, inheritance, and differential reproduction. The concept of natural selection, also known as "survival of the fittest," suggests that individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring. Darwin's theory emphasizes that species evolve through "descent with modification," where small variations accumulate over generations, leading to significant changes. This process can result in both microevolution (small changes within populations) and macroevolution (the emergence of new species). Darwin's work laid the foundation for modern evolutionary synthesis, which incorporates genetics to explain how traits are inherited and modified. His theory has been supported by extensive evidence from biology, genetics, and paleontology, solidifying its place as a cornerstone of modern science.