Major Scientific Experiments That Challenged the Established

Accidentally discovered radioactivity, revolutionizing nuclear physics.

Challenged the existence of luminiferous aether, paving the way for Einstein's theory of relativity.

Provided evidence for the Big Bang theory, challenging steady-state models.

Demonstrated nuclear fission, contrary to initial expectations of creating heavier elements.

Disproved spontaneous generation, establishing germ theory as a cornerstone of biology.

Led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus, challenging the plum pudding model.

• Study.com

Identified infectious proteins, challenging traditional views on disease agents.

• UCSF Official Website

Accidentally discovered penicillin, transforming antibiotic treatment.

Challenged creationist views with a naturalistic explanation for species diversity.

• Live Science

Proposed that cells evolved through symbiotic relationships, challenging traditional views on cell evolution.

• Understanding Evolution