Lynn Margulis's Symbiogenesis Theory

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Lynn Margulis's Symbiogenesis Theory proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved through symbiotic relationships between different organisms. This theory suggests that organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living bacteria that formed symbiotic relationships with early cells. Mitochondria are believed to have descended from Rickettsiales bacteria, while chloroplasts are thought to have originated from cyanobacteria. The theory challenges traditional views on cell evolution by emphasizing the role of symbiosis rather than gradual mutations. Margulis's work built upon earlier ideas but provided significant evidence and a comprehensive framework. She argued that symbiogenesis was a powerful force in evolution, driving major innovations beyond natural selection. The theory has been widely accepted for explaining the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts but remains debated for other cellular structures. Margulis's contributions transformed our understanding of cellular evolution, highlighting the importance of cooperation and symbiosis in shaping life's complexity.