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Human vs. Android Identity in *Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?*

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In Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, Philip K. Dick explores the intricate and blurred lines between human and android identities. The novel is set in a post-apocalyptic world where advanced androids, known as Nexus-6, are nearly indistinguishable from humans. This raises profound questions about what constitutes human identity and consciousness. The androids' ability to mimic human emotions challenges traditional boundaries, forcing characters and readers to reevaluate what it means to be human. The novel highlights empathy as a key differentiator between humans and androids, yet this distinction is constantly tested. Characters like Rick Deckard and John Isidore grapple with the moral implications of treating androids as less than human. The Voigt-Kampff test, used to identify androids, measures empathetic responses, but its reliability is questioned. This blurring of identities leads to ethical concerns about the treatment of androids, inviting readers to consider whether artificial beings deserve moral consideration.