Iconic Literary Movements and Their Most Representative Writers

Focused on realistic depictions of life, Realism is exemplified by authors like Gustave Flaubert and Mark Twain.

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Characterized by experimentation and fragmentation, Modernism influenced global literature with writers like James Joyce and T.S. Eliot.

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Known for skepticism and irony, Postmodernism includes writers like Thomas Pynchon and Kurt Vonnegut.

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Focused on individualism and nature, key figures include Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson.

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Explored the harsh realities of life, with notable authors like Stephen Crane and Frank Norris.

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Characterized by moral seriousness and realism, notable authors include Charles Dickens and Mary Shelley.

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Emphasized the symbolic meaning of words and images, with notable writers like Charles Baudelaire and Stéphane Mallarmé.

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Known for dark and mysterious themes, notable authors include Edgar Allan Poe and Mary Shelley.

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Examines the impact of colonialism, with influential writers like Chinua Achebe and Salman Rushdie.

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Focused on emotion and nature, Romanticism shaped literature with authors like Lord Byron and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

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